{"id":3386,"date":"2022-10-06T15:04:43","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T14:04:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/?page_id=3386"},"modified":"2023-10-13T11:02:45","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T10:02:45","slug":"understanding-what-influences-the-wearing-of-face-coverings","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/research-themes\/sector-specific-studies\/understanding-what-influences-the-wearing-of-face-coverings\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding what influences the wearing of face coverings"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_module=&#8221;322&#8243;][et_pb_fullwidth_menu global_parent=&#8221;322&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; menu_id=&#8221;7&#8243; submenu_direction=&#8221;downwards&#8221; fullwidth_menu=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; module_class=&#8221;main-navigation&#8221; \/][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; module_class=&#8221;header-image-section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.74&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;padding-top:0px&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221; prev_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; parallax_method_1=&#8221;off&#8221; module_class=&#8221;header-image&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_image admin_label=&#8221;Banner Image&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/276\/2022\/10\/workers-wearing-masks.jpg&#8221; show_bottom_space=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; border_color_all=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|||&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;left&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.74&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221; prev_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; parallax_method_1=&#8221;off&#8221; module_class=&#8221;breadcrumbs-row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Breadcrumbs &#8211; do not delete&#8221; module_class=&#8221;breadcrumbs&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.10.1&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;border-bottom: 1px solid #ececed;&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/\">PROTECT COVID-19 National Core Study<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; parallax_method_1=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method_2=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.74&#8243; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221; prev_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; next_background_color=&#8221;#1d1d1d&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243;][et_pb_sidebar admin_label=&#8221;Left Nav Sidebar&#8221; area=&#8221;et_pb_widget_area_1&#8243; show_border=&#8221;off&#8221; module_id=&#8221;left-nav-menu&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.12.1&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_sidebar][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;2&#8243;][et_pb_row_inner admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243;][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text: Understanding what influences the wearing of face coverings&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h1>Understanding what influences the wearing of face coverings<\/h1>\n<p class=\"subHeading\">The wearing of face coverings is considered to be important in preventing the transmission of airborne viruses, including the virus that causes COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>The aim of the present research is to understand what influences the wearing of face coverings. Only by understanding what influences the wearing of face coverings can we begin to develop interventions to promote uptake, reuptake (if necessary) and sustained use of face coverings.<\/p>\n<p>Our research questions are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What is the prevalence of face covering use in work, public transport and indoor leisure settings?<\/li>\n<li>How has the prevalence of face covering use in work, public transport and indoor leisure settings changed over time?<\/li>\n<li>What factors determine face covering use?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The third research question is particularly important because understanding what are the drivers of face covering use will provide the building blocks with which to develop interventions to promote uptake, reuptake (if necessary) and sustained use of face coverings.<\/p>\n<p>We are addressing these questions using a 4-wave survey among a representative sample of the UK population. Our analysis of wave 1 showed that deficits in people&#8217;s automatic motivation (e.g., habits, emotional reactions) is key to understanding people&#8217;s wearing of face coverings.<\/p>\n<p>At wave 3, we have therefore deployed an intervention that we know addresses people&#8217;s automatic motivation. Specifically, we are asking a random sample of people to form if-then plans. We have previously shown that when people form if-then plans, they are more aware of critical situations (&#8220;ifs&#8221;) and that their responses (&#8220;thens&#8221;) to those critical situations are speeded up. Crucially, we have shown that if-then plans change automatic motivation and actual behaviour in everything from helping people be more physically active to reducing levels of self-harm.<\/p>\n<p>We therefore have a fourth research question:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>People who form if-then plans will be more likely to wear face coverings than people who do not.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Project Team<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.research.manchester.ac.uk\/portal\/chris.armitage.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Chris Armitage<\/span><\/a>, University of Manchester<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.research.manchester.ac.uk\/portal\/anna.j.coleman.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Anna Coleman<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0University of Manchester<\/li>\n<li>Professor David Fishwick, HSE<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.research.manchester.ac.uk\/portal\/nicola.gartland.html\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Nicola Gartland<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0University of Manchester<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.research.manchester.ac.uk\/portal\/sheena.johnson.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sheena Johnson<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0University of Manchester<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicinehealth.leeds.ac.uk\/psychology\/staff\/5079\/dr-chris-keyworth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chris Keyworth<\/a><\/span>, University of Leeds<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.research.manchester.ac.uk\/portal\/martie.j.van-tongeren.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Martie Van Tongeren<\/a><\/span>, University of Manchester<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion admin_label=&#8221;Accordion: Study documents&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Study documents including publications&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; title_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; title_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; title_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0em&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"citation__title\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjhp.12620\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Identifying targets for interventions to support public use of face coverings<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/documents.manchester.ac.uk\/display.aspx?DocID=65744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Understanding what influences the wearing of face coverings \u2013 report on the deliverables of the study<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/abm\/kaad039\/7258618\">Theory-based Trial to Promote Uptake and Sustained Use of Face Coverings During the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; 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The aim of the present research is to understand what influences the wearing of face coverings. Only by understanding what influences the wearing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4299,"featured_media":0,"parent":1555,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3386","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4299"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3386"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3790,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3386\/revisions\/3790"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}