{"id":3348,"date":"2022-10-05T12:36:47","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T11:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/?p=3348"},"modified":"2022-10-05T12:39:47","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T11:39:47","slug":"how-much-ventilation-is-required-to-reduce-transmission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/2022\/10\/05\/how-much-ventilation-is-required-to-reduce-transmission\/","title":{"rendered":"How much ventilation is required to reduce transmission?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_module=&#8221;322&#8243;][et_pb_fullwidth_menu global_parent=&#8221;322&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; menu_id=&#8221;7&#8243; submenu_direction=&#8221;downwards&#8221; fullwidth_menu=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; module_class=&#8221;main-navigation&#8221; \/][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; prev_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; next_background_color=&#8221;#1d1d1d&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;2&#8243;][et_pb_row_inner locked=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243;][et_pb_post_title _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; title=&#8221;on&#8221; meta=&#8221;on&#8221; author=&#8221;on&#8221; date=&#8221;on&#8221; categories=&#8221;on&#8221; comments=&#8221;on&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;on&#8221; featured_placement=&#8221;above&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_background=&#8221;off&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; parent_locked=&#8221;off&#8221; \/][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; parent_locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Although there is no \u201csafe\u201d ventilation rate to prevent the spread of pathogens altogether, ventilation that maintains lower CO2 levels (under 800ppm) is considered a lower risk environment. High CO2 levels (routinely above 1500ppm) are often a sign of poor ventilation and may create a higher risk environment.<\/p>\n<p>Transmission models suggest that better ventilation can lower risks and reduce the probability of outbreaks <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1420326X211043564\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Predictive and retrospective modelling of airborne infection risk using monitored carbon dioxide &#8211; Henry C. Burridge, Shiwei Fan, Roderic L. Jones, Catherine J. Noakes, P. F. Linden, 2022 (sagepub.com)<\/span><\/a>. However, ventilation is much more effective when it is used together with social distancing than when people are less than 1m apart.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_post_nav _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; in_same_term=&#8221;off&#8221; show_prev=&#8221;on&#8221; show_next=&#8221;on&#8221; prev_text=&#8221;Previous&#8221; next_text=&#8221;Next&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; parent_locked=&#8221;off&#8221; \/][et_pb_comments _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; show_avatar=&#8221;on&#8221; show_reply=&#8221;on&#8221; show_count=&#8221;on&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;51&#8243; header_line_height_tablet=&#8221;2&#8243; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_icon_placement=&#8221;right&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; parent_locked=&#8221;off&#8221; button_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_text_size__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_text_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_border_width__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_border_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_border_radius__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_bg_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_bg_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; \/][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Related posts&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; parent_locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Related<\/h1>\n<!-- relpost-thumb-wrapper --><div class=\"relpost-thumb-wrapper\"><!-- filter-class --><div class=\"relpost-thumb-container\"><h3>Related posts:<\/h3><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><!-- relpost-block-container --><div class=\"relpost-block-container relpost-block-column-layout\" style=\"--relposth-columns: 3;--relposth-columns_t: 2; --relposth-columns_m: 2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/2022\/10\/05\/what-are-the-minimum-specifications-required\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-label=\"A train passenger wearing a face mask opening a window.\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/276\/2022\/09\/person-opening-window-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 12px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">What are the minimum specifications required?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/2022\/09\/30\/what-messages-and-communication-strategies-are-effective-at-increasing-and-maintaining-support-of-measures\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-label=\"Symptoms and transmission prevention of coronavirus.\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/276\/2022\/09\/symptoms-prevention-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 12px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">What messages and communication strategies are effective at increasing and maintaining support of me...<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/2022\/10\/05\/how-does-this-the-amount-of-ventilation-required-vary-depending-on-the-type-of-room-and-its-usage\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-label=\"A train passenger wearing a face mask opening a window.\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/276\/2022\/09\/person-opening-window-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 12px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">How does this the amount of ventilation required vary depending on the type of room and its usage?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><!-- close relpost-block-container --><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><\/div><!-- close filter class --><\/div><!-- close relpost-thumb-wrapper -->\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243;][et_pb_sidebar _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; 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High CO2 levels (routinely above 1500ppm) are often a sign of poor ventilation and may create a higher risk environment. Transmission models suggest that better ventilation can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4299,"featured_media":3279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[99,98,113],"tags":[33,16,38],"class_list":["post-3348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advice-for-employers-decision-makers","category-preventing-the-spread-of-respiratory-viruses","category-ventilation","tag-covid-19","tag-transmission","tag-ventilation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4299"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3348"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3352,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3348\/revisions\/3352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/covid19-national-project\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}