{"id":1451,"date":"2021-07-27T14:39:09","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T13:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/?page_id=1451"},"modified":"2026-09-03T15:01:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T14:01:27","slug":"deeper-than-rap","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/home\/deeper-than-rap\/","title":{"rendered":"Deeper than rap"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; global_module=&#8221;322&#8243;][et_pb_fullwidth_menu menu_id=&#8221;7&#8243; submenu_direction=&#8221;downwards&#8221; fullwidth_menu=&#8221;off&#8221; module_class=&#8221;main-navigation&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_menu][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; module_class=&#8221;header-image-section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.74&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;padding-top:0px&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; parallax_method_1=&#8221;off&#8221; module_class=&#8221;header-image&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/deeper-than-rap-banner-1400&#215;400.jpg&#8221; show_bottom_space=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; border_color_all=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|||&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;left&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.74&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; parallax_method_1=&#8221;off&#8221; module_class=&#8221;breadcrumbs-row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Breadcrumbs (do not remove)&#8221; module_class=&#8221;breadcrumbs&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.87&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;border-bottom: 1px solid #ececed;&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>\n<span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/\">Prosecuting Rap<\/a><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; parallax_method_1=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method_2=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.74&#8243; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax__hover=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method__hover=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_sidebar area=&#8221;et_pb_widget_area_1&#8243; show_border=&#8221;off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Left Nav Sidebar&#8221; module_id=&#8221;left-nav-menu&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.74&#8243; remove_border=&#8221;on&#8221;][\/et_pb_sidebar][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax__hover=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method__hover=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243;][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax__hover=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;on&#8221; parallax_method__hover=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Deeper than rap<\/h1>\n<p><em>This page was created by Franklyn Addo and Eithne Quinn for this project website. It was last updated in 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;You can record a song on your phone and within 24 hours, that could potentially have a million views, which would change your whole destiny.&#8221;<br \/><em>Mr Montgomery [Presenter and Filmmaker]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>&#8220;When society points a finger at us, it doesn&#8217;t realise that we are pointing two straight back.&#8221;<br \/><em>Unknown T [Drill Music Artist]<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"subHeading\">Sources that explore the politics and creativity of rap in response to, and well beyond, the justice system.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-1637\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/dirty-cipher-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Microphone graphic\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/dirty-cipher-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/dirty-cipher-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/dirty-cipher-250x188.jpg 250w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/dirty-cipher.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>In 2020, British rap accounted for 22 per cent of all singles purchased in the UK (Financial Times, 2021). For all the scrutiny and scapegoating rap has been subject to, the genre and its offshoots which include the likes of Drill and Grime have become influential mainstays in popular culture. This is true not only in Britain but also internationally.<\/p>\n<p>Rather than focusing reductively on rap\u2019s sometimes provocative content (which is far from exclusive to the genre), there is great value in embracing the form as a tool of communication, a source of social and political commentary and an artistic endeavour. Rap\u2019s commentary includes folding in political critique about the criminal justice system and racial capitalism.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; border_color_all=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Press articles&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; title_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; title_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; title_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0em&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/riffsjournal.org\/2021\/12\/22\/joy-white-and-jonathan-ilan-ethnographer-soundclash-a-uk-rap-and-grime-story\/\">Ethnographer Soundclash: A UK rap and grime story<br \/><\/a>Joy White and Jonathan Ilan, <em>riffsjournal.org&nbsp;<\/em> (2021)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guap.co.uk\/art-against-knives-launch-urgent-appeal-to-keep-their-youth-space-open\/\">Art Against Knives launch urgent appeal to keep their youth space open<br \/><\/a>Franklyn Addo, <em>GUAP<\/em> (2021)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2021\/sep\/20\/birmingham-rapper-m1llionz-drill-midlands-hip-hop\">Birmingham rapper M1llionz: Really and truly, Drill is beautiful<br \/><\/a>Sam Davies, <em>The Guardian<\/em> (2021)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/58ecd23f-e1e7-4932-9d70-c57f1b170851\">How UK rap became a multimillion-pound business<br \/><\/a>Sam Davies, <em>Financial Times<\/em> (2021)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gal-dem.com\/women-in-uk-rap-deezer-streaming-lockdown\/\">Why women in rap have been the real stars of lockdown<br \/><\/a>Shakeena Johnson, <em>gal-dem<\/em> (2020)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2020\/may\/05\/drillosophy-why-uk-rappers-are-teaching-plato-in-lockdown\">Drillosophy: Why UK rappers are teaching Plato in lockdown<br \/><\/a>Aniefiok Ekpoudom, <em>The Guardian<\/em> (2020)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crackmagazine.net\/article\/profiles\/youth-clubbing-new-generation-london-studios\/\">Youth clubbing: Inside a new generation of London studios<br \/><\/a>Will Pritchard, <em>Crack<\/em> (2020)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2019\/jun\/13\/music-banning-drill-black-british-kids-violence\">Music saved my life: Banning Drill takes hope away from Black British kids like me<br \/><\/a>Konan, <em>The Guardian<\/em> (2019)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2019\/feb\/06\/dont-censor-drill-music-listen-skengdo-am\">Don\u2019t censor drill music, listen to what it\u2019s trying to tell us<br \/><\/a>Ciaran Thapar, <em>The Guardian<\/em> (2019)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/a35ek8\/afghan-dan-blackpool-grime-shogun-rapper-arrest-prison-life\">How musicians re-adjust to public life after time in prison<br \/><\/a>Kamila Rymajdo, <em>Vice <\/em>(2019)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/drill-music-ban-conviction-knife-crime-metropolitan-police-london-a8750506.html\">Britain is silencing the stars of drill music \u2013 and robbing the disenfranchised of a voice<br \/><\/a>Novar, <em>The Independent<\/em> (2019)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prsformusic.com\/m-magazine\/news\/stop-silencing-musicians-krept-konan-tell-uk-courts\/\">\u2018Stop silencing musicians\u2019 Krept &amp; Konan tell UK courts<br \/><\/a>Anita Awbi, <em>PRS for Music<\/em> (2019)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.discoversociety.org\/2019\/08\/07\/viewpoint-now-that-grime-is-pop-when-will-the-panic-about-drill-music-stop\/\">Now that Grime is \u2018Pop\u2019, when will the panic about Drill music stop?<br \/><\/a>Lambros Fatsis, <em>Discover Society <\/em>(2019)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/politics\/article\/40403\/1\/gaika-drill-ban-met-police-savages-essay\">It\u2019s no surprise that Drill music reflects young Black men\u2019s reality<br \/><\/a>Gaika, <em>Dazed<\/em> (2018)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2018\/jun\/22\/the-war-against-rap-censoring-drill-may-seem-radical-but-its-not-new\">The war against rap: censoring drill may seem radical but it&#8217;s not new<br \/><\/a>Dan Hancox, <em>The Guardian<\/em> (2018)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.redbull.com\/gb-en\/future-of-uk-drill\">The future of UK Drill music<br \/><\/a>Ciaran Thapar, <em>Red Bull<\/em> (2018)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2018\/dec\/18\/j-hus-jailing-possessing-knife-risk-of-offending?platform=hootsuite\">Jailing J Hus for possessing a knife won\u2019t solve the problem<br \/><\/a>Franklyn Addo, <em>The Guardian <\/em>(2018)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/nek3qm\/drill-knife-crime-violence-london-long-read\">The Drill and knife crime story is a classic chicken-and-egg dilemma<br \/><\/a>Dan Hancox, <em>Vice <\/em>(2018)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/articles\/2XTX1hsNKg72mryHyMZXqFk\/music-not-gang-culture-how-drill-can-help-young-people\">Music not gang culture: How drill can help young people<br \/><\/a>Ian McQuaid, <em>BBC Online<\/em> (2018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Pocasts and Teds&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; title_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; title_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; title_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0em&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>George the Poet, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/p07915kd\">\u2018Have You Heard George&#8217;s Podcast?\u2019<br \/><\/a>Award winning spoken word artist, rapper, author and social commentator<\/li>\n<li>Cheraine Donalea Scott, <a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/user-622675754\/ss87-cheraine-donalea\">Grime, Brexit, Identity<br \/><\/a>Surviving Society with Chantelle and Tissot (2021)<\/li>\n<li>Adam Elliott-Cooper, <a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/user-622675754\/e029-adam-elliot-cooper-policing-politics-and-drill-music\">Policing, politics and drill<br \/><\/a>Surviving Society Podcast with Chantelle and Tissot (2019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Documentaries&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; title_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; title_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; title_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; body_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0em&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kno5T4y5SBY\">Terms &amp; Conditions: A UK Drill Story<\/a><br \/>(Andre Montgomery-Johnson &amp; Brian Hill, 2020)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/443110972\">TRUE 808 | UK Drill<\/a><br \/>(Milo, 2021)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/p08xkspf\">Defending Digga D<br \/><\/a>(Marian Mohamed, 2020)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/videos\/search?q=dangerous+associations&amp;&amp;view=detail&amp;mid=A072CDFD3DD9E3D2E49EA072CDFD3DD9E3D2E49E&amp;rvsmid=4C348C0F0DB528B93B2F4C348C0F0DB528B93B2F&amp;FORM=VDMCNR\">Dangerous Associations<br \/><\/a>(Colin Stone, 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2081\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/08\/music-image-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Abstract graphic of mixing desk\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/08\/music-image.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/08\/music-image-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/08\/music-image-250x188.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Music<\/h2>\n<p>An\u00a0<a title=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/home\/deeper-than-rap\/music\/\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/home\/deeper-than-rap\/music\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annotated selection of music tracks<\/a>\u00a0to accompany the Prosecuting Rap project. Compiled by Franklyn Addo.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Connect Title&#8221; module_class=&#8221;footer-section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.90&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#1d1d1d&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|&#8221; global_module=&#8221;380&#8243;][et_pb_row parallax_method_1=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method_2=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method_3=&#8221;off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221; module_id=&#8221;footer-row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.89&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Our partners Title&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; text_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Partners and Credits logos 1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1753 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Code-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Code-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Code-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Code-250x250.jpg 250w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Code-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Code.jpg 385w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1749 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Ciphon.jpg\" alt=\"Ciphon logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Ciphon.jpg 268w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Ciphon-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/prosecuting-rap\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/323\/2022\/05\/Ciphon-250x250.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; 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