{"id":1885,"date":"2017-07-18T11:40:58","date_gmt":"2017-07-18T10:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/religion-law-and-the-constitution\/?p=1885"},"modified":"2025-11-26T17:22:19","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T17:22:19","slug":"philip-bird","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/religion-law-and-the-constitution\/2017\/07\/18\/philip-bird\/","title":{"rendered":"Philip Bird"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” fullwidth=”on” next_background_color=”#000000″ global_module=”322″][et_pb_fullwidth_menu global_parent=”322″ _builder_version=”3.17.6″ menu_id=”8″ submenu_direction=”downwards” fullwidth_menu=”off” background_layout=”dark” module_class=”main-navigation” \/][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”off” specialty=”on” prev_background_color=”#000000″ next_background_color=”#1d1d1d”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ specialty_columns=”2″][et_pb_row_inner locked=”off”][et_pb_column_inner type=”4_4″ saved_specialty_column_type=”2_3″][et_pb_post_title _builder_version=”3.17.6″ featured_placement=”above” locked=”on” parent_locked=”off” date_format=”j M Y” \/][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.17.6″ background_layout=”light” parent_locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

\"Philip<\/h2>\n

How would you describe your beliefs\/identity in terms of religion?<\/h2>\n

The census form is a bit rigid and doesn\u2019t give you many choices; the nearest definition would be \u2018Christian\u2019. I had a Christian upbringing, and was a chorister in a cathedral when I was younger.\u00a0 The Christian teaching probably underlies my belief system, even though I have an awful lot of problems with the fine print.\u00a0 When people come to the door I tend to get into long discussions about whether Mary was a virgin or not, and whether that is important.<\/p>\n

If I had to pick a label, I would have to say Christian.\u00a0 Or perhaps I could describe myself just as religious, I wonder if that would do?\u00a0 I do believe in a higher order, but not in a man with a long white beard. \u00a0I think there is a guiding force in the universe, yes.<\/p>\n

This upbringing sent me down a route which I didn\u2019t question until I was a teenager.\u00a0 Then I stopped being a regular church-goer but was still inspired by the music and big old buildings, and began to wonder what it was about the cathedral that I found attractive.\u00a0 Was it just the building and the music, because I found God living there in a way that I didn\u2019t so much in smaller, modern parish churches?\u00a0 Clearly my fault, not His \u2013 or Hers!\u00a0 But I just try to treat people as I\u2019d like to be treated myself.\u00a0 And whenever I don\u2019t, I feel bad, and sometimes bizarrely the law of karma just seems to come straight back.\u00a0 You do something unworthy and things don\u2019t get any better, and you do something randomly helpful and the universe gives you something back.\u00a0 And if you look at Buddhism and other forms of religion, they all seem to be pointing in the same direction to me, which is why I would describe myself as religious.\u00a0 But Christianity is my background and that is the main Holy Book I have read.<\/p>\n

Do you think that Great Britain is an equal and tolerant society, particularly in relation to religion and belief?<\/h2>\n

By and large yes.<\/p>\n

How easy it is for you to live in accordance with your beliefs in this country?<\/h2>\n

I don\u2019t think there are social challenges to that, no.\u00a0 It\u2019s largely up to you if and how much you seek to engage with a culture. The materialist culture makes you have to work quite hard to sift out what is useful and what isn\u2019t: \u00a0to switch it off, or not buy it, or look at it with some distance and say, \u2018I see what you\u2019re doing there, next year you will be saying something else\u2019.\u00a0 That\u2019s copable with.\u00a0 Legal did you say?\u00a0 That seems to try to be based on fairness and the idea is that we are innocent until proven guilty. I find our culture a bit quick to rush to judgement; we seem to be becoming increasingly judgemental.\u00a0 Maybe it is the result of email and the internet and Twitter, people are very quick to give you a 140-character judgement on something.\u00a0 How easy is it socially? It can be very hard to take a moment to weigh things up and make a considered response to something.\u00a0 There are solicitors in my family and they say that they will try not to reply to an important email on the day it arrives, they will sleep on it.\u00a0 And you work out a much better reply if you don\u2019t just react, because I think the amygdala, the primitive brain reacts first and then the considered brain says \u2018No, put away the gun and write a nice letter.\u2019\u00a0 And that is a challenge. I\u2019m not sure that we are particularly encouraged by newspapers and other media to be considered, because they are based on the thrill and sensation.\u00a0 The legal system is based on fairness.\u00a0 The BBC are amazing, they will run programmes and debates on whether the BBC should exist.\u00a0 They represent a classic British institution which is prepared to say we are not perfect.\u00a0 How easy is it politically?\u00a0 I don\u2019t have a problem, but you are talking to a white, male Christian, and maybe there are other people who don\u2019t feel that.\u00a0 Maybe I\u2019ve got this view because of my education, colour and sex.\u00a0 I am relaxed about the way I can live my life, and how much I am able to hold onto my beliefs, but I\u2019m probably speaking from a position of privilege. I have friends who are not white who see their identity in terms of their colour in a way that I don\u2019t. I am fortunate in that respect.<\/p>\n

How do you regard human rights?\u00a0 Has Christianity contributed?<\/h2>\n

Anyone can take any bit of the Bible and make it say what they want: \u2018That bit means that women should be in the home.\u2019 I\u2019m not sure St Paul was great on women\u2019s rights.\u00a0 As far as Christianity and the UK is concerned, I regret its historic missionary activity around the world. Christianity is a proselytising religion as is Islam\u2026 part of both their founding missions is to convert the world to their way of thinking.\u00a0 I have a huge problem with that, in relation to human rights.\u00a0 Which is why I don\u2019t call myself a Christian capital C.<\/p>\n

Do you think that human rights are a good thing for our society?<\/h2>\n

It\u2019s quite a loaded question as to what a human right is: does a prisoner have a right to vote? And didn\u2019t a prisoner sue someone for some infringement of his human rights? But maybe it was a Daily Mail story to get people frothing at the mouth.\u00a0 Rights come with obligations, duties to society. I would like a proper declaration of human rights.\u00a0 The right to express yourself fairly, the rights to clean air and water.\u00a0 A right to privacy. A right to the absence of noise in this increasingly noisy world. But if you want a short answer, the answer is yes.<\/p>\n

And in your view, do Christian voices and campaigners have a practical influence on HR?<\/h2>\n

Historically, Christianity has always been the religion of the country, so the Archbishop of Canterbury may well get more airtime than the Chief Rabbi if he gives an interview.\u00a0 It is gradually changing, but it is there underneath everything, as if the other arrivals are newcomers. But I sort of feel that Christianity is probably almost implicit in certain articles or in public life.\u00a0 I expect prayers are still said in Parliament, the Queen rules by the grace of God (whose god?), there are services at the Cenotaph or the Coronation.\u00a0 For hundreds of years the royal family were not allowed to marry Catholics; has that just changed?\u00a0 We finally got there after 1533 or whenever it was.<\/p>\n

Do you think that HR are generally respected by the government and public bodies in Great Britain?<\/h2>\n

The areas where I would wonder\u2026..the conflict between a citizen\u2019s right to privacy and the government\u2019s possibly alarmist take on the threat posed by terrorism.\u00a0 I am not sure who is driving that; it is very convenient to have us all watched all of the time by cameras.\u00a0 There is a human right to privacy.\u00a0 Something else that has struck me coming in to work in London every day is that building work and construction often seem to be prioritised over the environment; making money seems to be main driving force, perhaps because it is hard to put a price on a view, on peace and quiet, on a sense of the aesthetic. Access to those things should be a human right as well. Look at the Shard, it\u2019s half-empty and now there is a mini-shard about to be built! Hang on, let\u2019s fill the first Shard before we build another!\u00a0 What is it, a vanity project?\u00a0 It concerns me that power is not equally spread throughout what is supposed to be a democratic country.\u00a0 Those are my areas of doubt about human rights.\u00a0 The government\u2026.there are some very good people doing some very good committee work everywhere.\u00a0 But you do sometimes wonder what is driving our progress. The way the Mayor of London is giving the go-ahead to sky-scrapers and vanity projects which are out of the reach of ordinary working Londoners.\u00a0 There is an imbalance, but that hasn\u2019t changed.\u00a0 Dickens was upset with poverty and we are upset with poverty, some things sadly don\u2019t seem to have changed. The poverty may be relative, but the imbalance is still there.<\/p>\n

Do you think that public authorities intervene too much or not enough when it comes to religion?<\/h2>\n

I think they live and let live. At the moment some people have become so careful not to give offence that they stop using the word Christmas to describe the December festival. That is disappointing. Let us celebrate all Festivals equally.<\/p>\n

When should they intervene?<\/h2>\n

If \u2018public authorities\u2019 includes the judiciary, the police and government then they should intervene if the law has been broken. Laws regarding intolerance, abuse and violence should be upheld. I think the UK has a historic tradition of tolerance. Public authorities have no business interfering with people\u2019s religious beliefs, but if people are using religion as a cloak to conceal or justify acts of intolerance or violence, that is a different matter.<\/p>\n

Do you think that living in a Parliamentary democratic society is a good thing?<\/h2>\n

For an entire country, I think you have to live in a democracy. Once you get beyond about 20 people it is very hard to make a co-operative or a commune work.<\/p>\n

Do you feel that you have a personal responsibility to vote?<\/h2>\n

Yes\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Is it a good thing that Parliament has the final say in making law?\u00a0 Should the judiciary have a stronger role and be empowered to strike down legislation?<\/h2>\n

Yes, I think they should.\u00a0 I kind of assumed that is why there were so many judges in the House of Lords.\u00a0 I assume the Supreme Court is so structured so that no one judge can push through an agenda, and their deliberations are public.\u00a0 I do have more trust for the judiciary than for politicians. Politicians are often looking quite short-term, and may not always have the country\u2019s long-term interests at the front of their minds.<\/p>\n

Do you think that an understanding of democracy as the will of the majority of the people is problematic for minority groups?<\/h2>\n

It seems to be more difficult.\u00a0 This morning I heard about the Scots, they may have quite an effect on things after 7th<\/sup> May.\u00a0 Scotland isn\u2019t as densely populated as England and I believe they have a disproportionate number of MPs in Westminster. If 40% of people vote and 30% of 40% vote for the ruling party, then in fact only 12% have voted for them. I sometimes think you should have had a proper job before becoming an MP, and that nobody should be an MP before the age of 40.\u00a0 But then you could say that Westminster was full of old people who don\u2019t understand the problems of the young.\u00a0 Of course there are issues of Parliament being too white and too male. I remember the guys back in the Students Union at University. It was always guys back then, and they didn\u2019t seem to be smiling much.\u00a0 I don\u2019t think that everyone feels included by what is on offer.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do you think it is a problem that members of the House of Lords are not elected?<\/h2>\n

I kind of thought it was full of a variety of wise old heads, who didn\u2019t have an agenda.\u00a0 But then when Prime Ministers started creating Lords so that they had a majority of their party in the Lords I thought that was wrong.\u00a0 And now there are more Lords than there are seats and it has got out of control.\u00a0 The prospect of yet another election to another house doesn\u2019t appeal to me either though. I would cheerfully nominate retired judges, maybe retired MPs, people with perspective who have an eye on the country for their grandchildren.<\/p>\n

What do you think about the presence of bishops in the House of Lords?<\/h2>\n

I didn\u2019t know that there were so many of them. There seems to be an imbalance, faith-wise. \u00a0I think that the numbers should reflect the numbers of faith in the country, so the numbers of bishops could come down.\u00a0 But I wouldn\u2019t want to see them go.\u00a0 Someone of religious faith tends to see things in the long term, it encourages big thinking.<\/p>\n

Would you say that public authorities try to respect the will of Parliament as expressed in legislation?<\/h2>\n

In principle, yes.\u00a0 But it\u2019s not very joined-up sometimes, and policies are nowadays invented then discarded at such speed that it is very difficult to implement them. Government is a slow process. My LA was happy to give the go-ahead to a supermarket in the village which would involve lots of lorry journeys through the narrow high street and an awful lot of food miles.\u00a0 The supermarket has put small independent shop-owners out of business; and yet someone else from some other bit of government will say that they like small businesses. Where is the plan?<\/p>\n

How do you feel about the devolved assemblies?<\/h2>\n

Within the UK I think government is too London-centred.\u00a0 There are some issues which will affect you if you are a sheep farmer, but would affect you just as much if you were a sheep farmer in Cumbria as if you were a sheep farmer in Wales.\u00a0 We have Scottish MPs voting on English matters. We are one country. I am not a fan of breaking up the three countries, I think that what we have in common is much greater than what divides us.<\/p>\n

Do you think that freedom of expression has been strengthened or weakened in recent years?\u00a0 How should society respond to events like the Charlie Hebdo murders?<\/h2>\n

I think that freedom of expression has been weakened; people think twice about what they say.\u00a0 You\u2019ve got to be careful now to be correct, which is a good thing when it makes you hesitate before saying something prejudiced or ill-thought out.\u00a0 There is a place for comment, humour and satire otherwise our rulers aren\u2019t always held to account. Christianity has been robust enough to take jokes, perhaps because it has been secure in its status as the dominant religion, so you can have Rowan Atkinson playing a ridiculous comedy vicar for laughs and vicars can laugh and get over it. Christianity feels confident enough to take it.\u00a0 But people are being careful now; lots of papers didn\u2019t reproduce the Charlie Hebdo drawing on the front, even though it was the subject of a news story. I didn\u2019t see the cartoon; if it was published simply to upset people then I am not impressed by the motives of the magazine.\u00a0 Why mock anyone?\u00a0 Why not let people believe what they want to believe as long as they don\u2019t force other people to believe it too?\u00a0 Maybe Charlie Hebdo were trying to use mockery.\u00a0 I didn\u2019t see the cartoon\u2026\u2026..there was a Danish one as well which I didn\u2019t see.\u00a0 I think they had done it once and had had some sort of come back, and so they did it again.\u00a0 Which is only understandable in the sense that they wanted to show that they wouldn\u2019t be cowed.\u00a0 I would never condone the reaction, of shooting somebody. The response should be verbal; there should be free and open discussion.\u00a0 I think that freedom of expression may have been compromised because people are afraid of a violent reaction in a country which has a tradition of free speech.<\/p>\n

What role does the Arts have in defending freedoms and pointing out injustice?<\/h2>\n

A book I was reading this morning, the Arts in Shakespeare\u2019s time, talked about the public theatre as the one place where you could portray sedition and violence and have political discussions about abdication and deaths of monarchs in an era when Elizabeth I\u2019s secret police were watching everyone.\u00a0 So you can use fiction to air topics which need discussing to get a discussion going, and you can use metaphor, satire and humour to make points more deftly. Tyrants hate laughter.<\/p>\n

The Tricycle up at Kilburn sometimes puts on plays which are transcripts of trials, they have got quite a tradition of it now.\u00a0 Theatre is unique in the sense that it is using something live, where you can give a voice to someone who doesn\u2019t normally have a voice and bring something into focus which would have got buried on page 14 of the newspaper or never even been properly publicised.\u00a0 It is invaluable for airing problems or paradoxes in society.<\/p>\n

Do you think that the Rule of Law is applied equally in our society?<\/h2>\n

The principle is there and the intention is there, but there is definitely inequality, often because certain sections of society just don\u2019t have the access to the legal services or the funds or confidence or voice with which to fight their corner. Institutions are made up of people, who have their own prejudices, get tired, and have moods.\u00a0 It is imperfect because we are as human beings.\u00a0 Could do better.<\/p>\n

Are there any legal rules which you find restrictive?<\/h2>\n

The regulations on drug use; I think that is maybe unnecessarily criminalised.\u00a0 No, broadly not; as much of our communication moves online I find a decrease in the authorities\u2019 preparedness to take individual circumstances into account. But largely I feel I can live my life as I like.<\/p>\n

What do you think are the best mechanisms to keep a check on the people who exercise power?<\/h2>\n

If you mean economic power, I\u2019m starting to wonder who is running this place.\u00a0 Is it basically Google and GCHQ?\u00a0 I don\u2019t think it is necessarily intentional or malicious, but I think there is a real danger that our Parliament isn\u2019t really running stuff.\u00a0 The Bilderberg group is incredibly secretive and its members are extremely influential. There are no frontiers now, it feels like it\u2019s run for the interests of some mighty corporations.\u00a0 I think there are very few checks on their enormous power.\u00a0 Free press?\u00a0 Mr Murdoch is still making his presence felt: I don\u2019t like the fact that one organisation owns so much of the UK\u2019s media outlets. The checks on the press are not rigorous enough in spite of the News of the World stuff in the last few years.\u00a0 Generally I think that the way it works is that different groups watch each other\u2026 politicians watch the press, judges watch the politicians; but maybe it is actually a network of people in nice school ties keeping things as they like it.<\/p>\n

Is there enough distance between politicians and the judiciary in this country?<\/h2>\n

Yes, it is Shell, Mobil and Exxon which worry me.<\/p>\n

Have you ever been involved in any campaigns on issues you have felt strongly about?<\/h2>\n

I marched for CND back in the 1980s, and my mail started getting opened, which I was very upset about. \u00a0I write to my MP about fracking, about the Greenpeace guys in the Arctic; generally about environmental issues when they come up against economic ones \u2013 energy, solar vs oil; wildlife vs GM crops.\u00a0 It\u2019s generally future of the planet stuff.\u00a0 But I also write letters to my local council and MP about the Tescofication of the village.\u00a0 I belong to various charities in the kind of Soil Association, Greenpeace type area.\u00a0 I really don\u2019t think that man is the most important species on this planet, I think that we are all in it together.\u00a0 If we lose birds, worms or bees we are in trouble.<\/p>\n

But I get nowhere with my MP.\u00a0 He either sends something from a department of state or gives you back the party line.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

How good have public authorities been at understanding and respecting your spiritual needs?<\/h2>\n

I\u2019m not sure anyone has the time to try to inflict anything on you unless you ask for it.\u00a0 There was a meditation room in the hospital where my Dad died.\u00a0 I don\u2019t think that there is a negative cross-over between public authorities and religion.<\/p>\n

Is there anything which you would like to add\/tell us?<\/h2>\n

Religion now seems to be separate from life, something you just do in a special moment rather than infusing your whole life.\u00a0 I have a theory about being watched. \u00a0When we believed in an all-seeing, all-powerful being, we behaved in a certain way because we felt we were being watched.\u00a0 Then Sartre declared that God was dead, and now there was nobody watching us. I think human beings need an audience, need to be watched and appreciated (not just us poor actors who need to be validated by applause every night).\u00a0 There was an experiment which looked at bicycle theft at a particular place where quite a few were being stolen. When a big pair of eyes was painted on the wall overlooking the bikes, fewer got stolen.\u00a0 There was another experiment involving recycling. Some university students agreed to have cameras installed in their communal kitchen so that they knew they were being watched, and the recycling rates went up.\u00a0 People were more careful about where they put their empty tins and cardboard. We are almost in danger of embracing CCTV because we all want to be seen and need to be watched.\u00a0 Because some of us have decided that God is dead, we are looking in the wrong place.\u00a0 Feeling like we are being watched can put us in touch with our better selves \u2013 just as putting on a balaclava can make it easier for us to take part anonymously in riots and violence. I know that too much conscience can screw us up, but I still think that somehow we have lost something by separating religion out of our lives.<\/p>\n

\n

Philip Bird is an actor, director, musician and playwright.\u00a0 He also runs courses and workshops for Drama and Literature students at Shakespeare\u2019s Globe.<\/em><\/p>\n

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