During 2020, excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic varied over time and by occupation. Essential workers, particularly those in healthcare, had higher excess mortality than non-essential workers throughout 2020 in England and Wales.

The first national lockdown was followed by a decline in excess mortality, and by July 2020 mortality was at or below that expected for non-essential workers. For 2021, notable features include the roll-out of vaccinations, and the rise of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as differing policy approaches.

Researchers from Theme 3 of the PROTECT NCS updated their analysis for 2020 to include 2021, given the continuing impact of COVID-19 on mortality. 

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